Because the PVS is exclusively directed at the veins, harm to non-venous comfortable tissues is prevented. Tissues like nerve, artery and lymphatic vessels are spared. Because June 1988 we have applied the PVS method as outpatient surgical treatment underneath community anaesthesia. Neither electrosurgery nor a suction equipment has become required https://www.sgvascularctr.com/understanding-venous-leak-treatment-in-singapore/